% baabaas environment for definition boxes
%\usepackage[top=20mm,bottom=20mm,right=20mm,left=20mm]{geometry}
\usepackage[top = 3cm, bottom = 3cm, outer=1.7cm, inner=1.7cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{pgffor}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{longdivision}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{background}
\usepackage{cancel}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[dvipsnames]{pstricks}
\usepackage{pst-eucl,pst-text,pst-tree,pst-tools,pstricks-add}
\usepackage{calc,pifont,fontawesome}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.text, shadows, arrows.meta}


\setcounter{section}{-1}

\marksnotpoints
\pointsinrightmargin
\boxedpoints
\setlength{\rightpointsmargin}{1cm}

% header and footer stuff
\lhead{\leftmark}
\runningheadrule
\runningfootrule
\runningfooter{}{\scriptsize\copyright \textsc{PEN Education, Ryde}}{\thepage}
\thispagestyle{headandfoot}
%\firstpageheadrule

\newcommand{\randomword}[1]{%
  \pgfmathsetmacro{\angle}{random(-45,45)}% Generate a random angle between -45 and 45
  \rotatebox{\angle}{#1}%
}

\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
%\setlength\parindent{0pt}

%Redefining the section command.
\AddToHook{cmd/section/before}{\clearpage}
\titleformat{\section}
{\normalfont\Large\bfseries}{{\color{purple}\S}}{0.5em}{\setcounter{secmarks}{0}}[\addtocounter{numsections}{1}]
\titleformat{\subsection}
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}{{\color{purple}\S\S}}{0.5em}{}

\definecolor{Blue}{rgb}{0.18, 0.19, 0.58}
\newlength{\margedef}
\newlength{\marge}
\setlength{\marge}{0.75cm}
\newcounter{definition}

\newsavebox{\defbox}
\newcommand{\defboxtext}{\raisebox{-0.5ex}{\Large \faBook} \textsf{Definition \thedefinition}}
\newlength{\deftextlength}
\setlength{\deftextlength}{\widthof{\textbf{\defboxtext}}+\widthof{\textsf{\textbf{8}}}+0.66cm+1cm}
\newlength{\defboxheight}
\newenvironment{boxdef}{
   %\par\noindent                        % No indentation
   \begin{flushleft}
   \refstepcounter{definition}             % Counter for this environment
   \begin{lrbox}{\defbox}           % Name of box to contain text
   \begin{minipage}{0.95\linewidth-0.5cm}
}
{
  \end{minipage}
  \end{lrbox}%
  \setlength{\defboxheight}{\totalheightof{\usebox{\defbox}}+20.5pt}
  \rput[tl](0,0){   % Choose colours of framebox
    \psframebox[opacity=0.8,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=blue!10,framearc=0,framesep=10pt,linecolor=blue,linestyle=none]{%
      \usebox{\defbox}
    }
  }
  \rput[l](1cm,0){      % Patch white line
    \psline[linewidth=2.1\pslinewidth,linecolor=white](-0.25em,0)(\deftextlength,0)%
  }%
  \rput[l](1cm,0.5ex){  % Place text
    %\textcolor{Blue}{\parbox[m]{0.66cm}{\includegraphics[width=0.66cm]{./include/books8_Blue.eps}} \textbf{\defboxtext}}%
    \color{Blue} \textbf{\defboxtext}
  }
  \psline[linewidth=3pt,linecolor=Blue](0.22,0)(0.22,-\defboxheight)
  \par
  \setlength{\margedef}{\ht\defbox+\dp\defbox+\marge}
  \vspace{\margedef}
  \end{flushleft}
}

\newsavebox{\lawbox}
\newcommand{\lawboxtext}{\raisebox{-0.5ex}{\Large \faGavel} \textsf{Laws/Results}}
\newlength{\lawtextlength}
\setlength{\lawtextlength}{\widthof{\textbf{\lawboxtext}+0.5em}}
\newlength{\lawboxheight}
\newenvironment{boxlaw}{
   %\par\noindent                        % No indentation
   \begin{flushleft}
   %\refstepcounter{theorem}             % Counter for this environment
   \begin{lrbox}{\lawbox}           % Name of box to contain text
   \begin{minipage}{0.95\linewidth-0.5cm}
}
{
  \end{minipage}
  \end{lrbox}%
  \setlength{\lawboxheight}{\totalheightof{\usebox{\lawbox}}+20.5pt}
  \rput[tl](0,0){   % Choose colours of framebox
    \psframebox[opacity=0.8,fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=yellow!30,framearc=0,framesep=10pt,linecolor=red,linestyle=none]{%
      \usebox{\lawbox}
    }
  }
  \rput[l](1cm,0){      % Patch white line
    \psline[linewidth=2.1\pslinewidth,linecolor=white](-0.25em,0)(\lawtextlength,0)%
  }%
  \rput[l](1cm,0.5ex){  % Place text
    % \textcolor{red}{\parbox[m]{0.66cm}{\includegraphics[width=0.66cm]{./include/law_red.eps}} \textbf{\lawboxtext}}%
    \color{red} \textbf{\lawboxtext}
  }
  \psline[linewidth=3pt,linecolor=red](0.22,0)(0.22,-\lawboxheight)
  \par
  \setlength{\margedef}{\ht\lawbox+\dp\lawbox+\marge}
  \vspace{\margedef}
  \end{flushleft}
}


% theorembox

\usepackage[tikz]{mdframed}
\usepackage{xcolor,comment}
% now sparing PEN eds printers
%\newmdenv[backgroundcolor=exampleboxcolor]{examplebox}
\colorlet{problemboxcolor}{blue!20}
\colorlet{exampleboxcolor}{green!30}
\colorlet{exerciseboxcolor}{red!20}
\colorlet{theoremboxcolor}{gray!20}
\colorlet{deriveboxcolor}{yellow!20}

\newmdenv[linewidth=0.1pt,linecolor=white,tikzsetting={draw=black,dashed,line width=1.5pt,dash pattern = on 7pt off 5pt}]{exercisebox}
\newmdenv[linewidth=1.5pt,linecolor=black]{examplebox}
\newmdenv[linewidth=0.1pt,linecolor=white,tikzsetting={draw=black,dashed,line width=.5pt,dash pattern = on 7pt off 5pt}]{homeworkbox}
\newmdenv[linewidth=0.1pt,linecolor=white,tikzsetting={draw=black,dashed,line width=2pt,dash pattern = on 7pt off 5pt}]{challengebox}

\newmdenv[backgroundcolor=deriveboxcolor]{derivebox}
\newmdenv[backgroundcolor=problemboxcolor]{problembox}
\newmdenv[backgroundcolor=theoremboxcolor,linewidth=0pt]{theorembox}


\newenvironment{instructor}{
    \newif\ifprintselected
    \printselectedfalse
    \ifprintanswers
    \else
        \printselectedtrue
        \noprintanswers
        \begin{solution}
            \renewenvironment{figure}{\setbox0\vbox\bgroup}{\egroup}%
            \let\oldmarginpar\marginpar
            \renewcommand{\marginpar}[1]{}%
            \let\oldcaption\caption
            \renewcommand{\caption}[1]{}%
    \fi
}
{
    \ifprintanswers
    \else
        \let\marginpar\oldmarginpar
        \let\caption\oldcaption
        \end{solution}
    \fi
}

\newenvironment{student}{
    \newif\ifprintselected
    \printselectedfalse

    \ifprintanswers
        \printselectedtrue
        \noprintanswers
        \begin{solution}
            \renewenvironment{figure}{\setbox0\vbox\bgroup}{\egroup}%
            \let\oldmarginpar\marginpar
            \renewcommand{\marginpar}[1]{}%
            \let\oldcaption\caption
            \renewcommand{\caption}[1]{}%
    \else
    \fi
}
{
    \ifprintselected
        \let\marginpar\oldmarginpar
        \let\caption\oldcaption
        \end{solution}
    \else
    \fi
}

\newenvironment{examples}
{
    {\large$\spadesuit$\ \textbf{Examples:}}
    \smallskip
    \begin{examplebox}
}
{
    \end{examplebox}
}

\newenvironment{exercises}
{
    {\large$\heartsuit$\ \textbf{Exercises:}}
    \smallskip
    \begin{exercisebox}
}
{
    \end{exercisebox}
}

\newenvironment{homework}
{
    {\large$\clubsuit$\ \textbf{Essential:}}
    \smallskip
    \begin{homeworkbox}
}
{
    \end{homeworkbox}
}

\newenvironment{challenge}
{
    {\large$\diamondsuit$\ \textbf{Challenge:}}
    \smallskip
    \begin{challengebox}
}
{
    \end{challengebox}
}

%takes in number and spits out that many dotted lines
\newcommand{\mdots}[1]{%
  \ifnum#1>0
    \begin{doublespace}
    \begin{center}
      \foreach \i in {1,...,#1}{%
        \dotfill\\
      }
    \end{center}
    \end{doublespace}
  \fi
  \vspace{-0.5cm}
}

%fuzzyfont

\newcommand{\fuzzyfont}[1]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \foreach \x in {-0.5pt,0.5pt}{
        \foreach \y in {-0.5pt,0.5pt}{
            \node at (\x,\y) [opacity=0.4,black,inner sep=0pt] {#1};
        }
    }
    \node at (0,0) [opacity=1,inner sep=0pt] {#1};
\end{tikzpicture}
}

\newcommand{\Question}[2][]{%
    \ifx&#1&%
        \question $\,$ #2%
    \else
     \addtocounter{secmarks}{#1}%
     \question[#1] $\,$ #2%
    \fi%
}
\newcommand{\Part}[2][]{%
    \ifx&#1&%
        \part #2%
    \else
        \addtocounter{secmarks}{#1}%
        \part[#1] #2%
    \fi
}

\newcommand{\ineqLine}[6][1]{%\ineqLine[scale]{Rstart}{Rfinish}{Istart}{Ifinish}{fill}
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=#1]
        \draw[latex-latex] (#2,0) -- (#3,0);
        \foreach \x in {\number\numexpr#2+1,...,\number\numexpr#3-1}
            \draw (\x,0.1) -- (\x,-0.1) node[below] {\x};

        \draw[very thick, blue, -{Stealth[scale=1.5]}] (#4,0.5) -- (#5,0.5);
        \draw (#4,0.1) -- (#4,-0.1) node[below] {#4};
        \ifnum#6=1
        \filldraw[fill=red, draw=blue, very thick] (#4,0.5) circle (2pt);
        \else
        \filldraw[fill=white, draw=blue, very thick] (#4,0.5) circle (2pt);
        \fi
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
}